Characterization of mitochondrial prohibitin from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Boleophthalmus pectinirostris</Emphasis> and evaluation of its possible role in spermatogenesis

Prohibitin (PHB) is an evolutionarily conserved mitochondrial membrane protein. It plays a vital role in cell proteolysis, senescence, and apoptosis and is associated with spermatogenesis and sperm quality control in mammals. To study the characteristics of the PHB gene and its potential roles during spermatogenesis in Boleophthalmus pectinirostris, we cloned a 1153-bp full-length cDNA from the testis of B. pectinirostris with an open reading frame of 816 bp, which encodes 272 amino acid residues. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis revealed the presence of phb mRNA in all the tissues examined, with higher expression levels found in the testis, kidney, intestine, and muscle tissues. We examined the localization of phb mRNA during spermatogenesis by in situ hybridization (ISH), showing that phb mRNA was distributed in the periphery of the nucleus in primary and secondary spermatocytes. In spermatid and mature sperm, the phb mRNA gradually moved toward one side, where the flagellum is formed. Immunofluorescence (IF) results showed co-localization of the PHB and mitochondria at different stages during spermatogenesis of B. pectinirostris. The signals obtained for PHB decreased as spermatogenesis proceeded; the strongest detection signal was found in secondary spermatocytes, with lower levels of staining in other stages. Additionally, in the mature germ cells, the PHB signals were weak and aggregate in the midpiece of the flagellum.     

Comparative study on dietary protein requirements for juvenile and pre‐adult gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio var. CAS III)

Two 8‐week growth trials were conducted in indoor recirculation system to evaluate the protein requirements for juvenile (3.70 ± 0.20 g) and pre‐adult (85.2 ± 0.70 g) gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio var. CAS III. Six isoenergetic diets were formulated for each trial using fish meal and casein as protein sources, and protein level was 250–450 g kg^?1 in Trial 1 and 200–450 g kg^?1 in Trial 2. With the increasing dietary protein, feeding rate (FR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Weight gain (WG) increased first and then reached a plateau in 330–450 g kg^?1 in Trial 1 (P > 0.05), while decreased after the maximum value in 350 g kg^?1 in Trial 2 (P < 0.05). Productive protein values (PPVs) were lower in 370–450 g kg^?1 in Trial 1 and 400–450 g kg^?1 in Trial 2 (P < 0.05). Increasing dietary protein level increased protein content and decreased lipid content in whole fish body and white muscle (P < 0.05). Apparent digestibility coefficient of dry matters (ADC_d) decreased, while apparent digestibility coefficient of protein (ADC_p) increased in 370–450 g kg^?1 in Trial 1 and 250–450 g kg^?1 in Trial 2 (P < 0.05). Trypsin activity significantly increased in 370–450 g kg^?1 in Trial 1 (P < 0.05) and was not affected in Trial 2 (P > 0.05). Hepatic alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities in both trials increased when dietary protein was above 400 g kg^?1 (P < 0.05). Based on quadratic regression of WG, it was estimated that dietary protein requirement for maximum growth was 414 g kg^?1 (digestible protein of 376 g kg^?1) and 365 g kg^?1 (digestible protein of 324 g kg^?1) for juvenile (3.70 g) and pre‐adult gibel carp (85.2 g).     

玉米中过表达 ZmMRP-1基因的遗传转化与产量鉴定

构建植物过表达载体pHZM1N-P ZmMRP-1::ZmMRP-1，利用农杆菌介导的玉米愈伤组织转化法将其导入玉米自交系A188中，获得12个独立的PCR阳性转化株系。对转基因株系进行Southern blot检测、qRT-PCR分析，发现OE-8、OE-19株系以单拷贝形式插入玉米基因组中并过量表达。对获得的转 ZmMRP-1基因T2代材料进行玉米产量相关性状考察，相比较野生型，转基因株系在粒长、粒宽、百粒质量等方面均显著提高，可有效改良玉米产量相关性状，为高产转基因玉米新品种培育提供基础材料支持。     

Dietary taurine impacts the growth,amino acid profile and resistance against heat stress of tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes)

A 56‐day feeding trail was conducted to evaluate the effects of taurine (Tau) supplementation on growth performance, amino acid profile and heat stress resistance capacity in juvenile Takifugu rubripes (initial body weight: 32.28 ± 0.20 g). Tiger puffer were distributed into five groups and each received one of the following diets: each diet was supplemented with 0 (T1), 5 (T2), 10 (T3), 20 (T4) or 50 (T5) g Tau/kg, respectively. Growth performances were significantly ameliorated with fed diet T3 (p < .05). The Tau content of muscle increased significantly as dietary Tau increased (p < .05). Compared to the control group, fish fed diets T4 and T5 showed significantly higher concentration of triglyceride and urea, respectively (p < .05), while taurine transporter (TauT) gene and IGF‐1 gene expression increased significantly in fish fed diets T3 and T4, respectively (p < .05). After acute heat stress, HSP70 gene expression levels were significantly greater in the livers and spleens of T. rubripes (p < .05) fed diet supplemented with Tau. Levels of complement C4 were highest in fish fed 10 g/kg Tau (p < .05). These data suggested that dietary supplemented with taurine indicated positive effects on growth performances, amino acid profile and resistance against heat stress for T. rubripes.     

基于部首嵌入和注意力机制的病虫害命名实体识别

为了解决农业病虫害命名实体识别过程中存在的内在语义信息缺失、局部上下文特征易被忽略和捕获长距离依赖能力不足等问题，以农业病虫害文本为研究对象，提出一种基于部首嵌入和注意力机制的农业病虫害命名实体识别模型(Chinese agricultural diseases and pests named entity recognition with joint radical embedding and self attention, RS-ADP)。首先，该模型将部首嵌入集成到字符嵌入中作为输入，用以丰富语义信息。其中，针对部首嵌入设计了3种特征提取策略，即卷积神经网络(Convolutional neural network, CNN)、双向长短时记忆网络(Bidirectional long short term memory network, BiLSTM) 和CNN-BiLSTM；其次，采用多层不同窗口尺寸的CNNs层提取不同尺度的局部上下文信息；然后，在BiLSTM提取全局序列特征的基础上，采用自注意力机制进一步增强模型提取更长距离依赖的能力；最后，采用条件随机场(Conditional random field, CRF)联合识别实体边界和划分实体类别。在包含11个类别和24715条标注样本的农业病虫害自制语料上进行了实验。结果表明，本文模型RS-ADP在该数据集上精确率、召回率和F1值分别为94.16%、94.47%和94.32%；在具体实体类别上，RS-ADP在作物、病害、虫害等易识别实体上F1值高达95.81%、97.76%和97.23%。同时，RS-ADP在草害、病原等难以识别实体上F1值仍保持86%以上。实验结果表明，本文所提模型能够有效识别农业病虫害命名实体，其识别精度优于其他模型，且具有一定的泛化性。     

淀粉薯鄂薯6号施用两种生物菌肥的效应研究

研究两种生物菌肥对鄂薯6号在枝江、鄂州和咸宁3个地方生长、产量和品质的影响。结果表明,处理较对照土壤氮磷钾含量提高。施用生物菌肥对鄂薯6号后期产量形成没有明显的促进作用,但能显著降低田间发病率,尤其固体菌肥作用更明显。鄂薯6号在枝江产量最高,鄂州、咸宁次之;在品质方面,枝江最好,咸宁、鄂州次之。3个地点之间的差异主要源于各地土壤养分状况及气候环境的影响,相对较高的钾含量和相对较低的氮含量有利于产量的形成。     

胡萝卜联合收获机单圆盘对顶切割装置设计与试验

针对胡萝卜联合收获过程中对顶切割装置作业后胡萝卜损伤率高、切净率低等问题,设计了一种单圆盘对顶切割装置,并阐述了其主要结构及工作原理。在统计分析胡萝卜基本物理特性的基础上,通过理论计算确定了斜拉式导向齐平对顶机构的两对齐基板间距、拉齐区长度和对齐基板斜边角度等主要结构参数,达到胡萝卜茎叶精准拉齐的目的。以螳螂前肢胫节曲线为原型,将拟合优化后的曲线形状应用至圆盘动割刀和直割刀刃口上,构建切割机构-胡萝卜茎叶力学模型,分析其满足胡萝卜被高效切断的条件。对圆盘割刀进行运动学分析,建立圆盘割刀前进方向的运动学模型,确定影响装置工作性能的因素为胡萝卜输送速度和圆盘割刀转速。以胡萝卜收获机夹持输送皮带轮转速(胡萝卜输送速度)和圆盘割刀转速为试验因素,以胡萝卜根茎损伤率、茎叶切净率、切割平整度为试验指标,进行了二因素五水平二次正交旋转组合试验,通过对试验结果进行分析优化,确定最佳参数组合。结果表明,当胡萝卜收获机夹持输送皮带轮转速为113 r/min、圆盘割刀转速为156 r/min时,对顶切割装置性能最优,此时胡萝卜损伤率均值为0.53%、切净率均值为95.41%、平整度均值为94.10%。对优化结果进行田间试验验证,验证结果与优化结果基本一致,作业过程中装置工作平稳。